Mode-wavelength division multiplexing (MWDM) is a promising solution to increase the bandwidth provided by an optical fiber backbone. Although wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is conventionally used in multimode optical fiber backbones in local area networks, it will not be sufficient to support the enormous bandwidth required by Internet-of-Things.

In order to improve the propagation time, multiplexing schemes for enhanced connectivity from a single optical fiber to various devices are utilized. The propagation time for data acquisition, retrieval and integration of datasets from one sensing devices to another in Internet-of-Things is critical and may be limited by the amount of data channels available. Thus, storage, processing and networking capabilities are gathered from remote computers. However, due to their small sizes, sensing devices in Internet-of-Things have limitations in terms of memory, computing power, accessibility. Sensing devices from smart services generate an enormous volume of data traffic. Internet-of-Things allows devices to sense other devices and interact and communicate with them. Finally, the paper shows the detailed analysis to check the appropriate device parameters such as Ti-thickness, switching voltages in order to obtain the optimum performance parameters such as cross-talk, extinction ratio and losses through the linear and curved waveguide section. The proposed devices are verified with the appropriate optiBPM software. The paper describes the efficient techniques to implement the electrical binary to optical gray code converters and even parity checkers with the suitable mathematical expression and relevant MATLAB results. The paper includes the detailed mathematical derivation and corresponding MATLAB simulation result related to the optical switching phenomena of MZI structure. The paper provides the elementary theory about the electro-optic effects and describes efficient techniques to implement the electrical binary to optical gray code converters and even parity checkers using appropriate configuration of electro-optic based MZIs as basic building blocks.

The implementation of electrical binary to optical gray code converters and even parity checkers can improve the performance of the digital logic circuits. Hence, it is possible to construct some complex optical combinational digital circuits using the electro-optic effect based MZI structure as a basic building block. The Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structures working on the principle electro-optical effect shows the powerful ability to switch the optical signal from one output port to the another output port.

In response to this, a number of schemes have been proposed for implementation of all optical circuits both theoretically and experimentally with several bit rates, channel spacing, modulation formats, and other system considerations such as terahertz optical asymmetric de-multiplexer (TOAD), non-linear material (NLM), quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA)-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), semiconductor optical amplifier based Mach-zehnder interferometers (SOA-MZI), cross-gain modulation (XGM) effect, cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect of SOA based MZI, and LiNbO3-based MZI. For the achievement of potential requirements, researchers have shown immense interest to realize digital logic circuits in all optical domain such as logic gates (AND gate, OR gate, XOR/XNOR gate, etc.), half/full adder, multiplier/ demultiplexer, shift registers, counter, encoder/decoder, comparators, and code converters. However, ultra fast signal processing technologies must be developed as the requirement of high-speed data transmission increases day by day.

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